Los fondos y ETFs también sufren retención de los dividendos. Dependiendo de donde estén registrados y las empresas que tengan son diferentes.
Extracto de https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Nonresident_alien_investors_and_Ireland_domiciled_ETFs
Calculating dividend tax withholding as a ratio
To better compare different ETFs we can convert the tax withholding percentages into a total annual approximation of percentage ‘tax drag’; call this the Tax Withholding Ratio (TWR). This makes it easily comparable to the expense ratios found on funds’ fact sheets.[17][note 6]
To calculate the dividend Tax Withholding Ratio (TWR), we need four pieces of information:
- L1TW: Percentage of tax withholding by a security’s home country on dividends distributed by that security to the fund (Level 1). This can be estimated using a fund’s annual report, dividing “Non-reclaimable withholding tax” by “Dividend income”.
- L2TW: Percentage of tax withholding by the country where the fund is domiciled on the dividends distributed to the investor by the fund (Level 2). If you are a non-treaty US nonresident alien investing in US domiciled ETFs, that number is 30%. If you are investing in Ireland domiciled ETFs and you do not reside in Ireland, you do not have to pay any Irish tax withholding.
- YIELD: Gross yield of the assets held by fund.[note 7] The best estimate will come from using the fund’s annual report, dividing “Dividend income” by “Total assets under management”. As you cannot know the amount of future dividends in advance, an approximation based on historical values (gross before withholding was paid) should be sufficient. Dividend yield is used in the formula as the Level 1 taxes are paid on dividends received by fund.
- TER: The fund’s Total Expense Ratio. This can be obtained from a fund’s factsheet or KIID document.[note 8]
The calculation after that is rather simple:
TWR = (YIELD × L1TW) + ((YIELD × (1 - L1TW) - TER) × L2TW)
The first term in parentheses calculates the Level 1 leakage. The second term uses the remaining dividend, deducts the fund’s TER[note 9] and then applies the individual’s Level 2 tax to the remaining sum.
You can now add the TWR to the fund’s published expense ratio (TER) to get a comparable total ratio paid annually. Note that this does not include the dividend tax that the investor pays to their resident-country on the dividends actually received.